Device for erecting buildings out of plastic material.



PATENTED APR. 5, 1904.

, W. HARRISON.

DEVICE FOR EREGTING BUILDINGS OUT OF PLASTIC MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25, 1903.

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DEVICE I'OR EREGTING BUILDINGS OUT OF PLASTIC MATERIAL. APPLICATIONFILED MAY 25, 1903.

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W. HARRISON. DEVICE FOR EREGTING BUILDINGS OUT OF PLASTIC MATERIAL.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 25,1903.

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Witt Lama UNITED STATES Patented April 5, 1904.

PATENT OEEICE.

W'ILLIAH HARRISON, OF GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 756,629, dated April 5,1904.

Application filed May 25, 1903. Serial No. 158,732. iNo modem To allwhom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, \VILLIAM HARRISON, a citizen of the United States,residing at Grand Rapids, in the county of Kent and State of Michigan,have invented new and useful Improvements in Devices for ErectingBuildings Out of Plastic Material, of which the following is aspecification.

This device relates to a new and useful method of erecting. buildingsconstructed of cement, grout, or other plastic material; and theinvention consists of an upright frame so constructed thatit may bereadily taken down and put up, in combination with the mold or molds forreceiving the plastic material in its plastic state and for retainingthe same until it is hardened so as to form the walls of the building.

It also consists in combining with an upright removable frame anouter-wall mold and suitable means for raising the said mold as the workprogresses upwardly, whereby the walls of the building are completedwithout removing the upright frame, but said frame being so constructedthat when the cement walls of the building are completed it mayberemoved.

It also consists in using, in combination with the upright frame,mold-plates for molding or forming the plastic material for the insidewalls and partitions.

It also consists in the means for raising the removable mold whichfashions the outside plastic wall.

It further consists in the combination and arrangement of partshereinafter pointed out and claimed.

The objects of my invention are, first, to form a practical and cheapmethod of constructing cement buildings; second, to furnish a pattern orframe for constructing a plurality of complete buildings from the samepattern, which pattern consists of a movable frame and movable molds;third, to connect the several parts of the frame together-in such amanner that the entire frame can be readily taken down and moved andagain erected for the purpose of constructing another building; fourth,other objects hereinafter described and claimed. These objects Iaccomplish by in construction.

means of the mechanism illustrated in the ac- 5 companying drawings, inwhich- Figure 1 shows a side elevation of a building-frame constructedin accordance with my invention, showing the arrangement of the uprighttimbersof the frame and also aside elevation of a portion of the moldused in constructing the outside or outer wall of the building, alsoshowing my preferred form of cross-bracing the upright timbers. Fig. 2shows a plan view illustrating the position of the framework whichprovides for the making of the inside partitions in the building andalso shows a corner-section of the outside mold and the supports formaking the mold for the chimney. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of 5 thebuilding-frame on line 00 m of Fig. 2, showinga section of one of theplates for molding the partition between the rooms in the build-. ingand also showing two cross-braces. Fig. 4. is a horizontal cross-sectionon line as w of 7 Fig. 2, with an elevation ofone of the moldplatesections, the mold-plate sections for the internal partitions being allsubstantially alike Fig. 5 is an enlarged View of the angle-iron a; andthe holding-block 8 (see Fig. 2) used in connection with the chimneyconstruction. Fig. 6 is an end view of the corner-post b. Fig. 7 is anoutside view of the mold for making the chimney looking in the directionof the arrow in Fig. 2. Figs. 8 and 9 are respectively side elevationsof the post 6. Fig. 10 is an end elevation of the post a. Figs. 11 and12 are respectively side elevations of the intermediate posta. Fig. 13is a cross-sectional View on the line a w of Fig. 14. Figs. 5

14: and 15 are detail views of the tie-girth o and the angle-iron a.Fig. 16 is a plan view of the girth or brace 3 Fig. 17 is a sideelevation of the brace Fig. 18 is an inverted plan view of the brace 1Fig. 19 is an end 9 view of the brace (See also Fig. 38.) Fig. 20 is adetail View of the wedge used in fastening the posts and girthstogether, as hereinafter described. Figs. 21, 22, and 23 are detailviews of the angle-iron 9 used in combining the corner of the outermold. Figs. 24:, 25, and 26 are detail views of the clamp used inconnection with the outer mold for retaining the upper part of the saidmold in place when filled with plastic material. Fig. 27 is across-sectional view on the line 0 00 of Fig. 2, showing my preferredform of constructing the inside of the outer mold and also its relationto the supporting frame. Fig. 28 is a plan view of the long tie-girths 3(See Fig. 2.) Fig. 29 is a side elevation of said tie-girth. Fig. 30 isan end view of the tie-girth. Fig. 31 is a detail view of the wedgeKused in tightening the inside girths. Figs. 32 and 33 are detail viewsof the sliding irons 12 used on the inside molds. Figs. 34:, 35, and 36are detail views of the outside tie-girths 0. Fig. 37 is a detail viewof the wedge K for tightening the girth 0, the form of the wedges beingthe same as those used in tightening the inside girths. Fig. 38 is aside view of the chimney-mold.

Similar characters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

a a, &c., are the intermediate posts or upright timbers, which, with thecorner-posts, form supports for the outside and inside girths or bracesand also form supports for the removable plates 10, as shown in Figs. 1and 2.

t b are the corner-posts of the structure.

0 0, &c., are outside girths,which are detachably connected to theoutside posts. When in position, the girths, 0 c retain the posts a and6 firmly in place, making a rigid structure. Each girth has attached toeither end of it the angle-irons shown by Z and m. Each angleiron isprovided with a slot, as shown in Fig.

19, and these slots are adapted to fit over the stationary bolts 0 0 andare locked in position by'means of the slotted wedges K. The girths c 0are adjustable and are moved upwardly from one set of bolts 0 0 toanother as the work of building the cement wall progresses upwardly.

y y, &c., are the inside girths, (see Fig. 2,) which serve the purposeof supporting the frame and also serve as supports for the moldplatesused in constructing the partition-walls, as hereinafter described. v

cl (Z are grooves cut into the girths g for the reception of themold-plates 2. (See Figs. 3 and 4.) The girths y are adjustable, andeach is provided at its ends with the same means for holding andadjusting as are the girths 0 c.

P P are strips of timber or other material, secured to the post Z) andare set or placed far enough to one side of the posts to allow theinside mold 10 to come flush with the outside of the posts a and 6. (SeeFigs. 1 and 2, also detail views, Figs. 8 to 12.) By this constructionthe inside of the cement wall is practically in a plane with the outersurface of the posts.

t t are the inside posts arranged in position to support the mold-platesfor the construction of the inside partitions and also for theconstruction of a chimney. These posts If are held in place by thegirths g and in turn support the girths, said girths being tightenedupon these posts, as above described.

q q are mortises in the upright posts a and 6, (see Fig. 2,) designed toreceive the ends of the irons 12, said irons 12 being extensions of themold-plate 10 of the mold which makes the outside cement wall, saidplate 10 having a vertical adjustment and is raised as the ocment wallgoes upward. The section of the outer mold is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.The outside mold has also an outer wall and an inner wall, both beingprovided with means for raising the same.

f is the outside plate of the outer mold itself, constructed ofscantling or other suitable material, and is held together by the platesg. The inside of the mold is covered by a mold plate or sheet 14L, whichcovers its entire surface, as shown in Fig. 27. The inside plate 10 ofthe mold is constructed in the same manner as the outside plate and ispreferably provided with a smooth plate. The outside and inside walls ofthe mold are held in place when filled with cement or plastic materialby means of the clamps e.

g g are angle-irons which hold the angles of the outside walls of theouter mold in place and are tightened by means of wedges 2', as fullyshown in Fig. 20. These angle-irons are shown in detail in Figs; 21, 22,and 23 with the wedges z in position.

IL [L are bolts which pass entirely through the walls of the outsidemold, as shown in Fig. 27, for retaining the lower part of the mold inposition to prevent the same from spreading while being filled with theplastic material, but which are removed before the outer mold is raisedto finish the next course of cement.

7:7: are wedges driven back of the angle-irons g to hold them rigidly inposition. These wedges are drawn out so as to loosen the'same before themold is raised.

'are eyebolts secured to the top of the outside and inner walls of theoutside mold and are used for raising the mold, as hereinafterdescribed.

11 n are hooked rods secured adjustably to the upright outer posts ofthe frame and are adapted to receive a rope or chain which engages withthe eyebolts and passes over the hooked part of a for raising andsustaining the outer mold. This or a similar arrangement is deemed ofimportance for lifting and sustaining the outer wall of the mold. Theinner wall of the mold may be supported by any suitable means. Ifdesirable, pulleys may be used in connection with the hooks n and theeyebolts.

R is a sill of the frame which may be supported on any suitablefoundation.

In building the outer cement wall the outer mold extends entirely aroundthe frame and rests upon the foundation prepared to receive and supportthe building when completed. The mold is first filled with grout or anysuitable plastic material which hardens sufficiently to sustain itselfand the next course above it. IVhen the lower course is sufficientlyhardened, the mold is raised so that the bottom is substantially fiushwith the top of the finished course. The mold is then tightened up andagain filled with a new supply of plastic material, and the workprogresses upwardly until the wall is completed. The girths are alsomoved up at the same time and tightened in the manner above described.

The cement partitions are constructed by the use of moldplates supportedby the upright timbers of the frame, and such cement partitions arecarried upward by steps,prefer ably at the same time and in the samemanner as are the outer cement walls, the inner posts t t supporting thegirths and the girths supporting the mold-plates.

y 1 are the inside girths, which are detachably connected to the uprightposts and are held a sufiicient distance apart for sustaining themold-plates in position to form the inside cement partition. Each girth3 is provided with a groove d, which receives the lower edge of one ofthe movable plates 2.

2 show the mold-plates. Each mold-plate is made of suflicient length toform the partition. The preferred form of these moldplates isillustrated in Figs. 3 and 4: of the drawings. They are preferably madeof timbers, (shown by 1, 2, 3, L, 5, 6, and 7,) and the surface of thecement wall -is therefore left rough in order to furnish means forplastering. If it is desirable, however, to have the walls smooth,lining-plates may be used.

In building the inside partitions I first fill the lower course withplastic material, and when the same is hardened I then raise the girths3 a sufficient distance for the next course and then place themold-plates .2 in the grooves (Z, making a new mold for the next course,and I thus continue the operation until the building is completed, thegirths y being held in position by the same means as the girths (Z andpreferably raised at the same time, so that the outer walls and theinner walls progress upwardly with equal steps.

In order to form openings for the doors and the windows, suitable framesmay be placed in the molds as the cement walls are being raised.

In addition to the outer and the inner cement walls a cement chimney orchimneys may be built by the same operation. In the drawings I haveshown means for constructing one of said chimneys. (See Fig. 2.) For thepurpose of holding the chimney-posts t t togetherI use the blocks S,(for detail view see Fig. 5,) which blocks S are held in place by meansof the angle irons.

u a are double angle-irons bolted to the short tie-girth e, which may beused in coursing around the chimney in order to give the chimney-wallgreater thickness. (For a detail "iew see Figs. 13, 14c, and 15.)

In constructing a chimney which is not built from the basement up Iprovide the supports 8 8, placed in a space below where the chimneybegins, and I also place upon the upper ends of the posts 8 8 a shelf 9,thus making a support for the lower end of the cement chimney. Thechimney, however, may be built up from the foundation by means of themold-plates, in which case it progresses upwardly in the same manner andat the same time as the inside and outside walls of the building.

I have-described above my preferred form of constructing the knockdownframe and of constructing the molds for making the cement walls. I donot wish, however, to confine my invention to the specific means forconstructing the walls and braces, as it will be evident thatmodifications may be made without departing from the spirit of theinvention, the invention consisting in the use of a knockdown frame withsuitable molds for constructing a cement orgrout house, said frame beingso attached together that it may readily be removed from the completedcement structure and be used over and over again in build ing houses ofthe same kind.

In using my invention a large number of houses may be built of the samepattern, so far as the cement walls are concerned, with one frame andone set of molds. If houses of different kinds are to be constructed, itwould require a frame for each house having different chimneys ordifferent arrangement of rooms.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim to have invented, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In combination with an upright frame a plurality of outside posts, aplurality of inside posts, braces detaehably connected to the saidposts,chimney-posts connected together,moldplates for constructing theoutside walls, moldplates for constructing the inside walls, andsuitable mold-plates for constructing the cement chimney, allsubstantially as described.

2. In combination with a series of removable upright posts in positionto determine the form of the inner surface of the outer cement wall tobe around such upright posts, detachable and vertically-adjustablegirths connected to said posts, amold outside of the said upright postsand in contact therewith, and suitable means for moving the said moldsupwardly as the wall rises, said posts and girths adapted to be removedfrom the completed cement structure.

3. A frame or structure for erecting cement buildings consisting of aplurality of removable upright posts set to determine the form of theouter walls of the cement building, a plurality of removable postsplaced within the outer line of posts to determine the position andnumber of the cement partitions of the completed structure, inner andouter detachable and vertically-adj ustable girths connected with saidposts in combination with suitable means for forming the outer cementWalls and the inner cement partitions.

4. A means for building a house of plastic material consisting of aremovable frame composed of upright posts placed in position todetermine the size and shape of the house to be built, detachable andvertically-adjustable girths connected with said posts, means supportedand guided by the said frame for making the cement Wall of the building,said frame 5. A means for building a house of plastic material,consisting of a removable frame composed of upright posts placed inposition to determine the size and shape of the house to be built,removable partitions for said frame formed of upright posts, inner andouter detachable and vertically-adjustable girths connected with saidposts, means supported and guided by said frame for making the cementWalls of the building, said frame and partitions removable from the saidbuilding when its Walls and their partitions are completed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of tWosubscribing Witnesses.

WILLIAM HARRISON.

Witnesses: MARY S. TooKER, CLARA HAMILTON.

